Ultrasonic hand-held spot welder equipment includes flow control valve, transducer, ultrasonic generator and welding head. Compared with ordinary welding equipment, spot welding machine is more portable and suitable for welding work that needs to be transferred.

Ultrasonic generator
The generator converts the electrical energy from the single-phase power supply to the correct frequency and voltage to convert the transducer to mechanical vibration. The microprocessor unit controls the welding cycle and feeds the critical welding information back to the user through the user interface. The user interface also allows the operator to enter desired welding parameters. The main function of the ultrasonic generator is to convert power from 50-60 Hz (5000 watts) to 20 to 40 kHz high frequency. The frequency widely used in ultrasonic welding applications is 20 kHz.

Flow control valve
The flow control valve regulates the speed at which the welding head approaches the welded part. Some equipment manufacturers have introduced electromagnetic force application systems to replace traditional pneumatic cylinders. This allows for better control of approach speed and can be useful when welding small or precision parts.

transducer
Transducers, also known as converters, convert electrical energy from generators into mechanical vibrations for the welding process. It consists of a number of piezoelectric ceramic plates sandwiched between two metal blocks, usually titanium. Between each disk is a thin metal plate that forms the electrodes. When a sine wave electrical signal is fed through the electrodes to the transducer, the disk expands and contracts, resulting in an axial peak-to-peak motion of 15 to 20μm. Transducers are delicate equipment and should be handled with care during welding. Once the component is damaged, the transducer will not work.

The amplitude
The strengthening part of the horn has two functions, mainly to amplify the mechanical vibration generated at the transducer tip and transmit it to the welding head. The second purpose is to provide a location for mounting the stack on the welding press. As the transducer applies ultrasonic energy, the horn expands and contracts. Like other elements in the welding stack, the horn is a tuning device, so it must resonate at a specific frequency in order to transfer ultrasonic energy from the transducer to the welding head. To work successfully, the horn must be half the wavelength of the ultrasound in the material from which it is made, or a multiple of that length. Usually, it's half the wavelength.

Welding head
The welding head is a component in the welding pile that provides energy to the part to be welded. The design of welding head is very important for successful welding. The solder head is also a tuning device that also provides mechanical gain in most applications. It is usually made of aluminum or titanium. Aluminum weld corners are often used for small batch applications because the material may cause wear. Some weld corners have specially hardened tips to reduce wear during welding. As with the horn element, the weld Angle must be half or a multiple of the ultrasonic wavelength of the material from which it is made. This ensures that the weld ends have sufficient amplitude to weld. The amplitude is usually between 30 and 120μm.