An ultrasonic cell disruptor is a laboratory instrument that utilises high-frequency ultrasound (typically 20kHz) to break down biological samples (such as cells, bacteria, or tissues) through cavitation effects, enabling lysis or homogenisation.
Working Principle
When ultrasonic waves propagate through a liquid medium, they generate high-frequency pressure waves, leading to the formation of countless microscopic bubbles (cavitation bubbles). These bubbles rapidly expand and violently collapse under the influence of the sound waves, releasing intense shockwaves (cavitation effect) that rupture cell membranes or walls, thereby releasing intracellular contents (such as proteins, DNA, and RNA).
Key Applications
1. Cell disruption – Extraction of intracellular proteins, nucleic acids, and other components.
2. Bacterial/yeast lysis – Used in molecular biology and microbiological research.
3. Nanomaterial dispersion – Ensures uniform distribution of nanoparticles in solutions.
4. Emulsification & homogenisation – Applied in food science and chemical industries for sample processing.
5. Acceleration of chemical reactions – Such as catalysis and synthesis (sonochemistry).
Instrument Features
1. Pulse mode – Prevents overheating, protecting temperature-sensitive samples.
2. Probe (horn) design – Various sizes accommodate different sample volumes.
Fields of Application
Widely used in biopharmaceuticals, molecular biology, nanomaterials, and cosmetics R&D, it serves as a critical tool for laboratory sample preparation.
