When high-intensity ultrasound (typically at frequencies of 20-40 kHz) propagates through a liquid medium, it generates alternating cycles of high and low pressure. During the low-pressure cycle, microscopic gas nuclei within the liquid form minute bubbles (cavitation bubbles). In the subsequent high-pressure cycle, these cavitation bubbles undergo rapid compression and collapse within an extremely short period (on the order of microseconds), releasing immense energy. The resulting micro-jets and shockwaves generate powerful shear forces, which act like countless 'microscopic scissors' that violently impact and exfoliate the graphite layers. This process effectively overcomes the van der Waals forces between the graphene layers, achieving both the exfoliation of graphite and the de-agglomeration of graphene aggregates.